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Table of Contents > Interactions & Depletions > Baikal skullcap(Scutellaria barbata, Scutellaria baicalensis) Print

Baikal skullcap(Scutellaria barbata, Scutellaria baicalensis)



Interactions

Baikal skullcap/Drug Interactions:
  • 5-Fluorouracil5-Fluorouracil: According to an animal study, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract may ameliorate 5-fluorouracil-induced myelotoxicity (64).
  • Adjuvants (antitoxoplasma)Adjuvants (antitoxoplasma): In mice, aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi improved the immune response toward administration of UV-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii, as evidenced by prolonged survival time, decreased parasite burden, improved liver histopathological score, and increased Th1-type cellular immune response (65).
  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: Using the ear edema test, carrageenan-induced paw edema test, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation test, and acetic acid-induced writhing test, Scutellaria baicalensis decreased exhibited antinociceptive effects (however, at levels lower than were observed for Curcuma wenyujin) (66).
  • AntibioticsAntibiotics: In a laboratory study, apigenin and luteolin isolated from Scutellaria barbata showed antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (34; 33). In vitro, the MIC50 and MIC90 of baicalin against 10 strains of H. pylori were 1.04 and 1.30mg/mL, respectively, and the MIC50 and MIC90 of Scutellaria baicalensis (crude product) against 10 strains of H. pylori were 2.60 and 3.26mg/mL, respectively (67). Baicalein has demonstrated antibacterial properties in other studies (68). A combination of Galla chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, and rhizoma Coptidis may exert antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro (69).
  • AntidiabeticsAntidiabetics: In an ob/ob mouse model, Scutellaria baicalensis showed a lack of significant effects on blood glucose and body weight changes; a lack of effect was also observed for baicalein (70). However, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, Scutellaria baicalensis enhanced the antidiabetic activity of metformin, as evidenced by elevated hepatic activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); increases in plasma and pancreatic insulin levels; and decreases in plasma and hepatic triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol levels (71).
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: In a laboratory study, Baikal skullcap demonstrated possible anti-Candida properties (35; 33; 72).
  • AntihistaminesAntihistamines: Baikal skullcap may have antiallergenic activity (45; 73).
  • Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: Baikal skullcap may have anti-inflammatory activity (45). In a rat model of pelvic inflammation, Scutellaria baicalensis decreased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, although to a lesser extent than was observed for Curcuma wenyujin (66). In a zymosan-induced mouse air-pouch model, an herbal preparation using Scutellaria baicalensis reduced the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NOS (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IkappaB-alpha, as well as inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha, and exerted similar effects by decreasing the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IkappaB kinase-alpha/beta (IKK-alpha/beta) phosphorylation, IkappaB-alpha, and IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells (74; 75). Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu inhibited COX and LOX enzymes, thereby reducing the production of proinflammatory eicosanoids (76).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: According to an animal study, Scutellaria baicalensis radix extract may modify serum lipid levels (38). In an animal study, rats fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and 0.05% Scutellaria baicalensis radix extract had a lower atherogenic index value in the group fed with fresh oil, and a lower atherogenic index value in the group fed with oxidized lard (38). In streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, Scutellaria baicalensis enhanced the antidiabetic activity of metformin, as evidenced by elevated hepatic activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); increases in plasma and pancreatic insulin levels; and decreases in plasma and hepatic triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol levels (71).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: According to numerous in vitro and animal studies, Scutellaria barbata may have anticancer properties (7; 8; 9; 3; 10; 11; 12; 2; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 4; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29). In vitro, extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis combined with cisplatin enhanced the apoptotic effect on human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3 and reduced the toxicity of cisplatin (54).
  • AntiviralsAntivirals: Baikal skullcap may have antiviral activity (45). Baicalein and wogonin, Scutellaria baicalensis flavones, modulated cytokine production, as evidenced by inhibition of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma and stimulation of TNF-alpha and IL (IL-12, IL-10) production in human leukocytes exposed to vesicular stomatitis virus (77).
  • Bone agentsBone agents: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse monocyte RAW264.7 cells and primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), and inhibited the activation of JNK (78).
  • Cardiovascular agentsCardiovascular agents: Baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi improved cardiac contractile function in endotoxemic rats through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and reduced superoxide anion formation in the myocardium of LPS-treated rats (79). Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi root reduced myocardial infarct size and increased catalase activity in the livers of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats (80). In vitro, baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi activated large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels via cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases in the mesenteric artery (81).
  • CyclophosphamideCyclophosphamide: According to animal research, Baikal skullcap extract may potentiate the antimetastatic effect of cyclophosphamide (15; 52). In another animal study, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract ameliorated cyclophosphamide-induced myelotoxicity (64).
  • Cytochrome P450-metabolized agentsCytochrome P450-metabolized agents: According to mutagenesis studies, Baikal skullcap may inhibit CYP450-mediated metabolism (51; 26).
  • Dermatologic agentsDermatologic agents: Baicalin and wogonin isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis roots prevented increases in skin thickness and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) following UVB irradiation in mice; furthermore, wogonin reduced the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha in UVB-treated HaCaT cells (82).
  • DiureticsDiuretics: Baikal skullcap is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a diuretic (4).
  • Gastrointestinal agentsGastrointestinal agents: Honeysuckle flower and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi significantly decreased the activity of the small intestine smooth muscle in rabbits (83).
  • HematologicsHematologics: Scutellaria baicalensis dry extract and baicalin stimulated erythropoiesis, which is depressed when the paradoxical phase of sleep is deprived (32). In addition, both the dry extract and baicalin activated and normalized hemopoiesis after a conflict situation.
  • ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: Scutellaria barbata extract lowered lymphocyte proliferation activity, NK cell activity, and IL-2 production by the splenocytes in mice bearing hepatocarcinoma H22 cell-derived tumor (84).
  • Neurologic agentsNeurologic agents: In ovariectomized rats, flavonoids from Scutellaria barbata attenuated abnormal changes in the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 genes (85). Scutellaria baicalensis was protective against damage in the hippocampus induced by an injection of Abeta25-35 in rats, possibly through an increase in the activity of antioxidase and subsequent decreased damage of ROS to hippocampal neurons (86). Ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi significantly improved cognition in mice in the Y-maze test (87). In rats, Scutellaria barbata flavonoid reversed cognitive deficits as a result of ovariectomy (88). Scutellaria baicalensis enhanced the survival of a hippocampal progenitor cell line following administration of ibotenic acid in rats; increases in the expression of memory-related neurotransmitter, the NMDA receptor, and a reduction of activated microglia in the hippocampus were also observed following administration of Baikal skullcap (89).
  • SedativesSedatives: Baikal skullcap may have sedative activity (45). Baicalin administration decreased slow-wave sleep (SWS) during the first two hours of the light period without affecting rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), an effect possibly mediated via antagonism of the IL-1 receptor (53).

Baikal skullcap/Herb/Supplement Interactions:
  • Adjuvants (antitoxoplasma)Adjuvants (antitoxoplasma): In mice, aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi improved the immune response toward administration of UV-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii, as evidenced by prolonged survival time, decreased parasite burden, improved liver histopathological score, and increased Th1-type cellular immune response (65).
  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: Using the ear edema test, carrageenan-induced paw edema test, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation test, and acetic acid-induced writhing test, Scutellaria baicalensis decreased exhibited antinociceptive effects (however, at levels lower than were observed for Curcuma wenyujin) (66).
  • AntibacterialsAntibacterials: In a laboratory study, apigenin and luteolin isolated from Scutellaria barbata showed antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (34; 33). In vitro, the MIC50 and MIC90 of baicalin against 10 strains of H. pylori were 1.04 and 1.30mg/mL, respectively, and the MIC50 and MIC90 of Scutellaria baicalensis (crude product) against 10 strains of H. pylori were 2.60 and 3.26mg/mL, respectively (67). Baicalein has demonstrated antibacterial properties in other studies (68). A combination of Galla chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, and rhizoma Coptidis may exert antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro (69).
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: In a laboratory study, Baikal skullcap demonstrated possible anti-Candida properties (35; 33; 72).
  • AntihistaminesAntihistamines: Baikal skullcap may have antiallergenic activity (45).
  • Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: Baikal skullcap may have anti-inflammatory activity (45). In a rat model of pelvic inflammation, Scutellaria baicalensis decreased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, although to a lesser extent than was observed for Curcuma wenyujin (66). In a zymosan-induced mouse air-pouch model, an herbal preparation using Scutellaria baicalensis reduced the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NOS (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IkappaB-alpha, as well as inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha, and exerted similar effects by decreasing the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IkappaB kinase-alpha/beta (IKK-alpha/beta) phosphorylation, IkappaB-alpha, and IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells (74; 75). Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu inhibited COX and LOX enzymes, thereby reducing the production of proinflammatory eicosanoids (76).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: According to an animal study, Scutellaria baicalensis radix extract may modify serum lipid levels (38).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In numerous in vitro and animal studies, Scutellaria barbata has demonstrated anticancer properties (7; 8; 9; 3; 10; 11; 12; 2; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 4; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29). In vitro, extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis combined with cisplatin enhanced the apoptotic effect on human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3 and reduced the toxicity of cisplatin (54).
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: Baikal skullcap may have antioxidant activity (45). Scutellaria baicalensis may exert antioxidant effects via catalase upregulation (90). In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis protected against acrolein-induced oxidative damage, possibly through increases in GSH and elevated mRNA expression of GSH synthesis enzymes (91). In mice, administration of an ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi significantly decreased iNOS and Cox-2 expression and NO and PGE2 production, increased BCL-2, and decreased BAX and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and BV2 cells (87).
  • AntiviralsAntivirals: Baikal skullcap may have antiviral activity (45). Baicalein and wogonin, Scutellaria baicalensis flavones, modulated cytokine production, as evidenced by inhibition of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma and stimulation of TNF-alpha and IL (IL-12, IL-10) production in human leukocytes exposed to vesicular stomatitis virus (77).
  • BerberineBerberine: According to an assay study, Baikal skullcap may reduce the berberine content in berberine-containing herbs (92).
  • Bone agentsBone agents: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse monocyte RAW264.7 cells and primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), and inhibited the activation of JNK (78).
  • Cardiovascular agentsCardiovascular agents: Baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi improved cardiac contractile function in endotoxemic rats through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and reduced superoxide anion formation in the myocardium of LPS-treated rats (79). Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi root reduced myocardial infarct size and increased catalase activity in the livers of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats (80). In vitro, baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi activated large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels via cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases in the mesenteric artery (81).
  • CoptisCoptis: According to an assay study, Baikal skullcap may reduce the berberine content in Coptis root (92).
  • Cytochrome P450-metabolized agentsCytochrome P450-metabolized agents: According to mutagenesis studies, Baikal skullcap may inhibit CYP450-mediated metabolism (51; 26).
  • Dermatologic agentsDermatologic agents: Baicalein and wogonin isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis roots prevented increases in skin thickness and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) following UVB irradiation in mice; furthermore, wogonin reduced the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha in UVB-treated HaCaT cells (82).
  • DiureticsDiuretics: Baikal skullcap is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a diuretic (4).
  • GarlicGarlic: In rats with pelvic inflammation, coadministration of garlic decreased the absorption of active constituents from Scutellaria baicalensis (93).
  • Gastrointestinal agentsGastrointestinal agents: Honeysuckle flower and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi significantly decreased the activity of the small intestine smooth muscle in rabbits (83).
  • HematologicsHematologics: Scutellaria baicalensis dry extract and baicalin stimulated erythropoiesis, which is depressed when the paradoxical phase of sleep is deprived (32). In addition, both the dry extract and baicalin activated and normalized hemopoiesis after a conflict situation.
  • HepaticsHepatics: According to two animal studies by Lin et al., ban-zhi-lian derived from Scutellaria rivularis Benth. may have hepatoprotective effects (39; 40).
  • HypoglycemicsHypoglycemics: In an ob/ob mouse model, Scutellaria baicalensis failed to show any significant effects on blood glucose and body weight changes; a lack of effect was also observed for baicalein (70). However, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, Scutellaria baicalensis enhanced the antidiabetic activity of metformin, as evidenced by elevated hepatic activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); increases in plasma and pancreatic insulin levels; and decreases in plasma and hepatic triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol levels (71).
  • ImmunomodulatorsImmunomodulators: Scutellaria barbata extract lowered lymphocyte proliferation activity, NK cell activity, and IL-2 production by the splenocytes in mice bearing hepatocarcinoma H22 cell-derived tumor (84).
  • Neurologic agentsNeurologic agents: In ovariectomized rats, flavonoids from Scutellaria barbata attenuated abnormal changes in the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 genes (85). Scutellaria baicalensis was protective against hippocampus neurodamage induced by injection Abeta25-35 in rats, possibly through an increase in the activity of antioxidase and subsequent decreased damage of ROS to hippocampal neurons (86). Ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi significantly improved cognition in mice in the Y-maze test (87). In rats, Scutellaria barbata flavonoid reversed cognitive deficits as a result of ovariectomy (88). Scutellaria baicalensis enhanced the survival of a hippocampal progenitor cell line following administration of ibotenic acid in rats; increases in the expression of memory-related neurotransmitter, the NMDA receptor, and a reduction of activated microglia in the hippocampus were also observed following administration of Baikal skullcap (89).
  • Oldenlandia diffusaOldenlandia diffusa: In a mutagenesis assay, Baikal skullcap and Oldenlandia diffusa in combination exhibited additive antimutagenic effects (28).
  • PC-SPESPC-SPES: PC-SPES contains Baikal skullcap, and thus additive effects may occur in theory. PC-SPES has been recalled from the U.S. market due to possible contamination and should not be used.
  • SedativesSedatives: Baikal skullcap may have sedative activity (45). Baicalin administration decreased slow-wave sleep (SWS) during the first two hours of the light period without affecting rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), an effect possibly mediated via antagonism of the IL-1 receptor (53).

Baikal skullcap/Food Interactions:
  • GarlicGarlic: In rats with pelvic inflammation, coadministration of garlic decreased the absorption of active constituents from Scutellaria baicalensis (93).

Baikal skullcap/Lab Interactions:
  • Inflammation markersInflammation markers: Baikal skullcap may have anti-inflammatory activity (45).
  • InsulinInsulin: In an ob/ob mouse model, Scutellaria baicalensis failed to show any significant effects on blood glucose and body weight changes; a lack of effect was also observed for baicalein (70). However, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, Scutellaria baicalensis enhanced the antidiabetic activity of metformin, as evidenced by elevated hepatic activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); increases in plasma and pancreatic insulin levels; and decreases in plasma and hepatic triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol levels (71).
  • Lipid panelLipid panel: In animals, Scutellaria baicalensis radix extract may modify serum lipid levels (38). In an animal study, rats fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and 0.05% Scutellaria baicalensis radix extract had a lower atherogenic index value in the group fed with fresh oil, and a lower atherogenic index value in the group fed with oxidized lard (38). In streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, Scutellaria baicalensis enhanced the antidiabetic activity of metformin, as evidenced by elevated hepatic activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); increases in plasma and pancreatic insulin levels; and decreases in plasma and hepatic triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol levels (71).
  • Liver enzymesLiver enzymes: In animals, ban-zhi-lian derived from Scutellaria rivularis Benth. may have hepatoprotective effects (39; 40).
  • RBCRBC: Scutellaria baicalensis dry extract and baicalin stimulated erythropoiesis, which is depressed when the paradoxical phase of sleep is deprived (32). In addition, both the dry extract and baicalin activated and normalized hemopoiesis after a conflict situation. Additional details are lacking.
  • Serum IgE levelsSerum IgE levels: Baikal skullcap may have antiallergenic activity (45).
  • Serum levels of cytochrome P450-metabolized agentsSerum levels of cytochrome P450-metabolized agents: According to mutagenesis studies, Baikal skullcap may inhibit CYP450-mediated metabolism (51; 26).
  • Virus titersVirus titers: Baikal skullcap may have antiviral activity (45).

Baikal skullcap/Modality Interactions:
  • AcupunctureAcupuncture: According to animal research, acupuncture may improve the absorption of baicalin from extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (94).

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The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.